:root{--ink:#0e2a47;--blue:#1f4e8c;--blue-dark:#163a6a;--paper:#fbfcfe;--grid:#dce6f2;--pencil:#5b6b7f;--marker:#f2c14e;--white:#fff;--tint:#eef3fa;--tint-strong:#dde8f5;--line:#c9d6e6;--font-heading:"Spectral", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--font-body:"Public Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;--max-width:72rem;--gutter:1rem;--radius:6px;--radius-lg:10px;--shadow-sm:0 1px 2px #0e2a470f;--shadow-md:0 1px 2px #0e2a470d, 0 6px 20px #0e2a4712;--header-h:60px;--grid-size:24px}@media (width>=48rem){:root{--gutter:2rem}}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}body,h1,h2,h3,h4,p,ul,ol,figure,dl,dd{margin:0}img,svg{max-width:100%;display:block}[hidden]{display:none!important}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-body);flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.6;display:flex}main{flex:1}h1,h2,h3,h4{font-family:var(--font-heading);color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,5vw,3rem)}h2{font-size:clamp(1.5rem,3.2vw,2rem)}h3{font-size:1.25rem}p+p{margin-top:1em}a{color:var(--blue);text-underline-offset:.15em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{color:var(--blue-dark);text-decoration-thickness:2px}:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:2px}.container{width:100%;max-width:var(--max-width);padding-inline:var(--gutter);margin-inline:auto}.section{padding-block:3rem}.section+.section{border-top:1px solid var(--grid)}.lead{color:var(--pencil);max-width:40rem;font-size:1.1875rem}.muted{color:var(--pencil)}.visually-hidden{clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.skip-link{left:var(--gutter);z-index:10;background:var(--marker);color:var(--ink);padding:.5rem 1rem;font-weight:600;position:absolute;top:-100px}.skip-link:focus{top:.5rem}.button{background:var(--blue);color:var(--white);font-family:var(--font-body);border:2px solid var(--blue);border-radius:var(--radius);cursor:pointer;padding:.75rem 1.25rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block}.button:hover{background:var(--blue-dark);border-color:var(--blue-dark);color:var(--white)}.button-secondary{color:var(--blue);background:0 0}.button-secondary:hover{background:var(--white);color:var(--blue-dark)}.graph-paper{background-color:var(--white);background-image:linear-gradient(var(--grid) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(90deg, var(--grid) 1px, transparent 1px);background-size:var(--grid-size) var(--grid-size);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:var(--grid-size);background-position:-1px -1px}.math{font-family:var(--font-heading);font-size:1.1875rem;font-weight:500}.math var,.math i{font-style:italic}.answer{background-image:linear-gradient(transparent 55%, var(--marker) 55%, var(--marker) 92%, transparent 92%);-webkit-box-decoration-break:clone;box-decoration-break:clone;padding-inline:.15em;font-weight:600}.tag{color:var(--pencil);background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--grid);white-space:nowrap;border-radius:999px;padding:.1rem .6rem;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.4;display:inline-block}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}.page-header{padding-block:2.5rem 1.5rem}.page-header .lead{margin-top:.75rem}.page-meta{color:var(--pencil);margin-top:.75rem;font-size:.9375rem}.prose{max-width:44rem}.prose h2{margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:.75rem;font-size:1.5rem}.prose h3{margin-top:1.5rem;margin-bottom:.5rem}.prose p,.prose ul,.prose ol{margin-top:.85rem}.prose h2+p,.prose h3+p,.prose h2+ul,.prose h3+ul{margin-top:0}.prose ul,.prose ol{padding-left:1.4rem}.prose li+li{margin-top:.35rem}.callout{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-left:4px solid var(--blue);border-radius:var(--radius);margin-top:1.5rem;padding:1rem 1.25rem}.math{line-height:2.2;display:inline}.math sub,.math sup{font-size:.7em;line-height:0}.frac{vertical-align:middle;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;margin-inline:.1em;line-height:1.3;display:inline-flex}.frac>.num{border-bottom:1.5px solid;padding-inline:.25em}.frac>.den{padding-inline:.25em}.sqrt{vertical-align:middle;align-items:stretch;display:inline-flex}.sqrt-sign{align-self:center;font-size:1.2em;line-height:1}.sqrt-body{border-top:1.5px solid;padding:.1em .2em 0;line-height:1.6}.overline{border-top:1.5px solid;padding-top:.05em;line-height:1.05;display:inline-block}.hat{line-height:1;display:inline-block;position:relative}.math .answer{white-space:nowrap}.hat:before{content:"^";font-size:.75em;font-style:normal;line-height:1;position:absolute;top:-.32em;left:50%;transform:translate(-30%)}.sigma{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1}.formula{margin-block:1rem;font-size:1.375rem;overflow-x:auto}.symbols{grid-template-columns:max-content 1fr;gap:.4rem 1rem;margin-top:1rem;display:grid}.symbols dt{font-family:var(--font-heading);font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:500}.work-steps{counter-reset:step;gap:1rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.work-steps>li{counter-increment:step;gap:.25rem;min-width:0;padding-left:2rem;display:grid;position:relative}.work-steps>li+li{margin-top:0}.work-steps>li:before{content:counter(step);background:var(--ink);width:1.4rem;height:1.4rem;color:var(--white);border-radius:50%;place-items:center;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:600;display:grid;position:absolute;top:.15rem;left:0}.step-label{color:var(--pencil);font-size:.9375rem}.step-math{font-family:var(--font-heading);font-size:1.1875rem;font-weight:500;overflow-x:auto}.tool-panel{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:1.25rem}@media (width>=48rem){.tool-panel{padding:1.75rem}}.tool-grid-2{align-items:start;gap:1.5rem;display:grid}@media (width>=60rem){.tool-grid-2{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,7fr);gap:2rem}}.fields{align-content:start;gap:1rem;display:grid}.field-row{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(9rem,1fr));gap:1rem;display:grid}.field{align-content:start;gap:.3rem;display:grid}.field label,.field legend,.field-label{font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.hint{color:var(--pencil);font-size:.875rem}input[type=text],input[type=number],select,textarea{font:inherit;color:var(--ink);background:var(--white);border:1px solid #a9b8cb;border-radius:4px;width:100%;min-width:0;padding:.55rem .7rem;font-size:1rem}textarea{resize:vertical;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;min-height:7rem}input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:0;border-color:var(--blue)}input[aria-invalid=true],textarea[aria-invalid=true]{border-color:#b3261e}fieldset{border:0;min-width:0;margin:0;padding:0}.choice-group{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;margin-top:.3rem;display:flex}.choice{border:1px solid var(--grid);background:var(--paper);cursor:pointer;border-radius:4px;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;padding:.4rem .75rem;font-size:.9375rem;display:inline-flex}.choice:has(input:checked){border-color:var(--blue);background:#eef3fa}.choice input{accent-color:var(--blue);margin:0}.check{cursor:pointer;align-items:center;gap:.5rem;font-size:.9375rem;display:inline-flex}.check input{accent-color:var(--blue);width:1.1rem;height:1.1rem;margin:0}.tool-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;display:flex}.button-small{padding:.5rem .9rem;font-size:.9375rem}.link-button{color:var(--blue);font:inherit;text-underline-offset:.15em;cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:.25rem 0;font-size:.9375rem;text-decoration:underline}.link-button:hover{color:var(--blue-dark)}.form-error{color:#b3261e;background:#fdf1f0;border:1px solid #f1c4c0;border-radius:4px;padding:.6rem .8rem;font-size:.9375rem}.result-summary{grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(8.5rem,1fr));gap:.75rem;display:grid}.stat{border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--white);padding:.7rem .9rem}.stat-label{color:var(--pencil);font-size:.875rem;display:block}.stat-value{font-family:var(--font-heading);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;display:block}.stat-main{border-color:var(--ink)}.interpretation{border-left:4px solid var(--marker);border-radius:0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;background:#fffbea;padding:.85rem 1rem}.interpretation p+p{margin-top:.5rem}.interpretation .note{color:var(--pencil);font-size:.9375rem}.output-block+.output-block{margin-top:1.5rem}.output-heading{font-family:var(--font-heading);margin-bottom:.6rem;font-size:1.1875rem;font-weight:600}.chart-box{width:100%;height:22rem;position:relative}@media (width>=48rem){.chart-box{height:26rem}}.table-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto}.data-table{border-collapse:collapse;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;min-width:100%;font-size:.9375rem}.data-table caption{text-align:left;color:var(--pencil);padding-bottom:.4rem;font-size:.875rem}.data-table th,.data-table td{text-align:right;border-bottom:1px solid var(--grid);white-space:nowrap;padding:.4rem .75rem}.data-table th:first-child,.data-table td:first-child{text-align:left}.data-table th{color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-weight:600}.data-table tfoot td{border-top:2px solid var(--ink);font-weight:600}details.table-toggle summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--blue);padding-block:.25rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.tool-results{border-top:1px solid var(--grid);margin-top:2rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.tool-results:empty{display:none}@media (width>=60rem){.tool-results-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,5fr) minmax(0,7fr);align-items:start;gap:2rem;display:grid}}.tool-results-grid+.output-block{margin-top:1.5rem}@media (width>=60rem){.tool-results-grid>.output-block+.output-block{margin-top:0}}.graph-paper .data-table{background:var(--white)}html{scroll-padding-top:calc(var(--header-h) + 1rem)}.card{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}.icon-tile{background:var(--tint);width:2.75rem;height:2.75rem;color:var(--blue);border-radius:8px;flex:none;place-items:center;display:inline-grid}.icon-tile-lg{border-radius:10px;width:3.5rem;height:3.5rem}.pill{color:var(--blue-dark);background:var(--tint);border:1px solid var(--tint-strong);border-radius:999px;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;padding:.25rem .75rem;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.check-list{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem 1.25rem;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.check-list li{color:var(--ink);align-items:center;gap:.4rem;font-size:.9375rem;display:inline-flex}.check-list svg{color:var(--blue)}.section-header{max-width:44rem;margin-bottom:2rem}.section-header .lead{margin-top:.6rem}.kicker{color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:.4rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600}.band{background:var(--white);border-block:1px solid var(--grid)}.band-grid{background-color:var(--paper);background-image:linear-gradient(#dce6f2b3 1px,#0000 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,#dce6f2b3 1px,#0000 1px);background-size:var(--grid-size) var(--grid-size);background-position:-1px -1px}.tool-card-grid{gap:1rem;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}@media (width>=40rem){.tool-card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (width>=64rem){.tool-card-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}.tool-card{flex-direction:column;gap:.75rem;height:100%;padding:1.25rem;display:flex;position:relative}.tool-card:hover{border-color:var(--blue);box-shadow:var(--shadow-md)}.tool-card:focus-within{border-color:var(--blue)}.tool-card-top{align-items:center;gap:.85rem;display:flex}.tool-card-name{font-size:1.1875rem;line-height:1.25}.tool-card-name a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.tool-card-name a:after{content:"";border-radius:var(--radius-lg);position:absolute;inset:0}.tool-card-name a:focus-visible{outline:none}.tool-card:has(a:focus-visible){outline:3px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px}.tool-card-summary{color:var(--pencil);flex:1;font-size:.9688rem}.tool-card-cta{color:var(--blue);align-items:center;gap:.35rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.tool-card.is-soon .tool-card-name{color:var(--pencil)}.tool-card.is-soon .icon-tile{background:var(--paper);color:var(--pencil)}.tool-article>h2{margin-top:3rem;font-size:1.75rem}.tool-article>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.tool-article .formula{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-left:4px solid var(--blue);border-radius:0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0;margin-block:1rem;padding:.85rem 1.25rem}.tool-article .formula+.formula{margin-top:-.4rem}.tool-article .symbols{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);gap:0;margin-block:1.25rem;padding:.5rem 1.25rem}.tool-article .symbols dt,.tool-article .symbols dd{border-bottom:1px solid var(--grid);margin:0;padding-block:.55rem}.tool-article .symbols dt{color:var(--blue-dark);padding-right:1.25rem}.tool-article .symbols dt:last-of-type,.tool-article .symbols dd:last-of-type{border-bottom:0}.tool-article .graph-paper{box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm);border-radius:var(--radius-lg)}.tool-article>.table-scroll{background:var(--white);border:1px solid var(--grid);border-radius:var(--radius-lg);margin-block:1rem}.tool-article>.table-scroll .data-table th,.tool-article>.table-scroll .data-table td{padding:.6rem 1rem}.tool-article>.table-scroll .data-table tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.tool-article>ol,.tool-article>ul{padding-left:1.4rem}.tool-article>ol li::marker{color:var(--blue);font-weight:600}.page-header{border-image:linear-gradient(var(--white), var(--white)) fill 0 / / 0 100vw;box-shadow:0 1px 0 var(--grid);clip-path:inset(0 -100vw -1px);margin-bottom:2rem;padding-block:3rem 2.25rem}.site-header[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{z-index:20;background:var(--ink);color:var(--white);border-bottom:3px solid var(--marker);position:sticky;top:0}.header-inner[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{min-height:var(--header-h);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:.25rem 1.5rem;padding-block:.5rem;display:flex}.site-header[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g] a[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{color:var(--white);text-decoration:none}.site-header[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g] a[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--marker)}.logo[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{align-items:center;gap:.6rem;display:inline-flex}.logo-mark[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{background:var(--marker);width:2rem;height:2rem;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--font-heading);border-radius:5px;place-items:center;padding-bottom:.2rem;font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:600;line-height:1;display:inline-grid}.logo-text[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{font-family:var(--font-heading);letter-spacing:.01em;font-size:1.375rem;font-weight:600}.main-nav[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{align-items:center;gap:1.25rem;display:flex}.nav-list[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.25rem 1.25rem;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}.nav-list[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g] a[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{color:#d6e2f0;padding-block:.4rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-block}.nav-list[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g] a[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]:hover,.nav-list[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g] a[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g][aria-current=page]{color:var(--white);text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--marker);text-decoration-color:var(--marker);text-underline-offset:.35em;text-decoration-thickness:2px}.nav-cta[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{border:1.5px solid #ffffff73;border-radius:6px;padding:.45rem .9rem;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:600;display:none}.nav-cta[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]:hover{border-color:var(--marker);background:#ffffff0f}@media (width>=48rem){.nav-cta[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{display:inline-block}}@media (width<=30rem){.site-header[data-astro-cid-fzpbxy5g]{position:static}}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{background:var(--ink);color:#c5d3e4;margin-top:4rem;padding-block:3rem 1.5rem;font-size:.9375rem}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] a[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{color:#e6eef8;text-decoration:none}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] a[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]:hover{color:var(--white);text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-color:var(--marker);text-decoration-color:var(--marker)}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] a[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]:focus-visible{outline-color:var(--marker)}.footer-grid[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{gap:2rem;display:grid}@media (width>=40rem){.footer-grid[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (width>=64rem){.footer-grid[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1fr .8fr;gap:3rem}}.footer-logo[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{font-family:var(--font-heading);align-items:center;gap:.55rem;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:600;display:inline-flex}.logo-mark[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{background:var(--marker);width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;color:var(--ink);border-radius:5px;place-items:center;padding-bottom:.15rem;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1;display:inline-grid}.footer-note[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{max-width:24rem;margin-top:.75rem}.footer-heading[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{color:var(--white);margin-bottom:.75rem;font-weight:600}.footer-col[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] ul[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{gap:.5rem;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.footer-col[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] .muted[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{color:#8fa3bb}.footer-bottom[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{color:#9fb2c8;border-top:1px solid #ffffff24;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;gap:.5rem 2rem;margin-top:2.5rem;padding-top:1.25rem;font-size:.875rem;display:flex}.footer-bottom[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if] p[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]+p[data-astro-cid-nns7i3if]{margin-top:0}