Turn 0-10 survey responses into a Net Promoter Score, with promoters, passives and detractors broken out.
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Statistics calculators that show their work
For students, researchers and analysts. Every answer comes with the formula, each step of the working and a plain-English explanation of what it means.
Not sure which tool you need? Answer 2 quick questions
- Step-by-step working
- Plain-English answers
- Charts you can download
Exam scores have a mean of 70 and a standard deviation of 10. You scored 85. How unusual is that?
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Write the formula
z = x − μσ
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Substitute x = 85, μ = 70, σ = 10
z = 85 − 7010 = 1510
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Divide
z = 1.5
What it means: 85 is 1.5 standard deviations above the mean, higher than about 93% of scores. Try the z-score calculator
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Free, no sign-up
Every tool is free to use, with no account or email required.
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Every step shown
Formulas, substitutions and intermediate values, laid out like a worked solution.
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Private by design
Calculations run in your browser. Your data is never uploaded.
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Charts as PNG
Download sharp, labeled charts for reports, homework and slides.
30 free tools
Pick a tool
Each one shows the working, explains the result and lets you download the chart.
Calculators
Enter your numbers and get the answer, the formula, each step of the working and what the result means. See all calculators by topic
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Find how many standard deviations a value sits from the mean, plus its percentile.
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Find probabilities above, below or between values on a normal curve, or the value for a given percentile.
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Probability of exactly, at most, at least or between x successes in n trials, with a chart and every step.
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nPr, nCr and counts with repetition, with exact answers, a step-by-step diagram and a list of every arrangement.
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Apply the 68-95-99.7 rule to any mean and standard deviation, and see where a value falls.
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Get the p-value from a z, t, chi-square or F statistic, one- or two-tailed, with the reasoning shown.
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Critical values of z, t, chi-square and F for any significance level, one- or two-tailed.
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Confidence intervals for a mean or a proportion, from raw data or summary statistics, with the margin of error explained.
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One-sample, two-sample and paired t-tests with the t statistic, p-value, effect size and every step shown.
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One-way ANOVA for three or more groups: the ANOVA table, F, p-value, effect size and Tukey comparisons, with every step.
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Test of independence for a table of counts, or goodness of fit, with expected counts, the p-value and every step.
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One- and two-proportion z-tests, including A/B tests, with the p-value, confidence interval and every step.
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Pearson or Spearman correlation for paired data, with r², a significance test and every step shown.
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Find the line of best fit, R², the slope test and predictions with intervals, with every step shown.
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Fit a standard (calibration) curve to your lab standards and read off the concentration of unknown samples.
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Find the mean, median, mode and range of a list of numbers, with each one worked out step by step.
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Minimum, Q1, median, Q3 and maximum, plus the IQR and outliers, with a labeled box plot and every step.
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Sample or population standard deviation and variance from a list of numbers, every step written out.
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Sample and population variance from a list of values or a frequency table, with the standard deviation and every step.
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Work out how many responses you need for a given confidence level and margin of error.
Chart makers
Paste your data and download a clean, labeled chart for a report, assignment or slide.
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Paste x and y values to get a scatter plot with a trend line and correlation, ready to download.
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Enter categories and values to build a clean bar graph you can download as an image.
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Paste categories and values to make a pie or donut chart with percentages and slice angles, ready to download.
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Plot one or more lines over time from a pasted table, with each line’s change summarized, and download a PNG.
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Paste a list of numbers to get a histogram with sensible bins, a frequency table and a downloadable PNG.
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Make box-and-whisker plots for one or more groups, with the five-number summary and outliers marked.
Tables
Printable statistical tables, with a lookup that finds the exact value for you.
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Printable z-table with negative and positive values, plus a lookup that finds any area for you.
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Critical values of t for one- and two-tailed tests, with an exact lookup for any degrees of freedom.
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Critical values of chi-square for right- and left-tail areas, with an exact lookup for any df.
Guides
Step-by-step how-tos for doing the math by hand, in Excel or in Google Sheets. All guides
- How to calculate standard deviation in Excel STDEV.S or STDEV.P? Which function to use, how to type it, and how to check the answer by hand.
- How to find a p-value in Excel The exact Excel formulas for p-values from z, t, chi-square and F statistics, and straight from your data with T.TEST.
- How to read a box plot What the box, the line, the whiskers and the dots mean, and how to compare groups and spot skew.
- How to calculate a z-score The z-score formula step by step, turning it into a percentile, and doing it all in Excel or Google Sheets.
- How to make a histogram in Excel and Google Sheets Build a histogram with the built-in chart, set the bins, and avoid the bin-edge trap that changes your counts.
- How to calculate NPS in Excel and Google Sheets One COUNTIF formula turns 0-10 survey scores into a Net Promoter Score, plus how to tell if a change is real.
- How to calculate r (the correlation coefficient) Calculate the correlation coefficient by hand in four steps, then with CORREL in Excel or Sheets and on a TI-84.
How it works
From raw numbers to a result you can explain
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Enter your data
Type numbers, paste a column from Excel or Google Sheets, or start from the built-in example.
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Follow the working
See the formula, how your numbers go into it and every step to the final, highlighted answer.
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Understand and share
Read a plain-English explanation of the result, then download the chart for your report.
Why StatHow
More than just the answer
A number on its own doesn't help you check homework, explain a result to your manager or learn the method. StatHow is built to show you how the answer was reached.
| Feature | StatHow | Answer-only calculators |
|---|---|---|
| Final answer | Yes | Yes |
| Formula with every symbol explained | Yes | Rarely |
| Step-by-step working with your numbers | Yes | Rarely |
| Plain-English interpretation | Yes | Rarely |
| Downloadable chart | Yes | Rarely |
| Data stays in your browser | Yes | Varies |